THE PRETHOUGHTS
THE RESULTS (November 21, 2025)
Well, what can I say? The powers that be made their powers known!
Mexico has captured their fourth Miss Universe crown in 2025 in what was probably the messiest years in pageantry ever (the near derailing of Miss USA 2015 is probably a close second) but Thailand hosted a Miss Universe pageant that was fraught with controversy and we also know that the Miss USA and Miss Teen USA pageant which haven't been under the Miss Universe Organization umbrella since 2021 technically had a transfer of ownership from Laylah Rose to Thom Brodeur. The Miss Universe Organization is in trouble too as wealthy Thai-transwoman Khun Anne (Jakkaphong/Andrew) Jakratutatip who bought the Miss Universe Organization from IMG and saw the 2023 Miss Universe pageant under her control lost many employees along the way including longtime MUO president, Paula Shugart to resign and then Khun Anne's company JKN Global had to file for bankruptcy protection leaving Anne selling almost half her share in the Miss Universe Organization to Mexican businessman, Raul Rocha Cantu who has been involved with the pageant in recent years and his Legacy Holdings company was largely responsible for the 2024 Miss Universe pageant being held in Mexico. Now, it seems like the owner has rewarded his country with the crowning of Mexico's Fatima Bosch as the new Miss Universe. A woman who in the opening sashing ceremony was berated by Thai producer, Nawat Itsaragrasil due to her not participating in a promotional shoot for Thailand and Nawat called her 'dumb' and she left the room after speaking out and many other delegates followed suit but I can't help but wonder if this controversy was all planned as it did make the headlines necessary for publicity for the upcoming Miss Universe pageant. I have much to say so I will be posting my full commentary on the 2025 Miss Universe pageant on December 1.
Mexico's fourth Miss Universe win succeeds her predecessors, Lupita Jones in 1991 who was Mexico's national director running the Nuestra Belleza Mexico pageant from 1994 to 2023 when she was unceremoniously dethroned as Mexico's director for Miss Universe and her final delegate, Melissa Flores did not place at Miss Universe 2023 prompting Lupita to leave the audience. Lupita recently also posted on social media about the Legacy Holdings building in Mexico having the Miss Universe logo sign removed only for it to show up again with a lit background as the sign was just being replaced. Mexico would win again in 2010 with Ximena Navarrete and for 2020 with Andrea Meza who was also a judge for this year's Miss Universe pageant and a former Miss World 1st runner-up in 2017.
Despite his behaviour, Nawat Itsaragrasil did help produce a grand show and Thailand served as host for the fourth time in 2025 following 1992, 2005 and 2018 and there were many planned activities and special events and pre-event specials that highlighted the overall contest for the delegates and the viewing audience. They have already secured next year's venue as Puerto Rico will host the 75th Miss Universe pageant in 2026.
Notably absent from this year's introductions were the delegates from Albania's Flavia Harizaj and Jamaica's Gabrielle Henry who sadly injured herself following the preliminary evening gown competition after falling into a hole on stage and having to be taken to the hospital in a stretcher and therefore unable to compete in tbe final competition bringing the total number of contestants down further from 120 to 118.
There is a rumor flowing that one of the prelim interview judges dated Miss Paraguay and predetermined results prompted three judges to drop out of the competition and they were: Omar Harfouch who was also supposed to perform music for the pageant, followed by Claude Makelele and then followed by Princess Camilla di Borbone delle Due Sicilie. Now, one of the judges who served as a substitute judge, Miss Universe 2005-Natalie Glebova of Canada said she voted for Miss Thailand to win and even commented on social media about the absence of the verified results being submitted to the hosts by accountants. Some pageants are likely predetermined as directors probably will not want to work with certain potential winners but it seems like it is almost too evident and the pageant is sadly losing credibility.
The continental queens were announced during the coronation ball after the pageant. The winners were: Americas-VENEZUELA, Asia-CHINA, Europe & Middle East-MALTA, Africa & Oceania-COTE D'IVOIRE. Special prizes handed out: Beyond the Crown - 1st place-PARAGUAY, 2nd place-NETHERLANDS, 3rd place-PHILIPPINES, People's Choice-PARAGUAY (so Philippines and Bangalore both made it on their own, eh?), Most Beautiful Skin-INDONESIA, Miss Photogenic-COSTA RICA, Miss Congeniality-TURKIYE/TURKEY. Shoutouts to countries that placed for the first time ever in Miss Universe history: Cote D'Ivoire in top 5, Guadeloupe and Malta in top 12, Bangladesh, Miss Universe Latina, Palestine and Rwanda in top 30.
How did I do with my predictions? Well, I picked 21 of the top 30 plus 2 honorable mentions (Bangladesh and Miss Universe Latina). 9 of the semifinalists missed my list and four of them were in my next tier: Mexico-the eventual winner..., Dominican Republic, Paraguay(supposed winner of the online vote) and Rwanda but the 3 I missed entirely were: Guatemala (the country of the new MUO CEO, Mario Bucaro, hmmm....), Japan and Zimbabwe.
My 9 ladies that didn't place were: Turks & Caicos, Peru, Portugal, Indonesia, Ecuador (who placed top 5 at Miss USA 2016), Great Britain, Poland, Myanmar and Laos.
Remember when wealthy Thai transwoman, Khun Anne (formerly Jakkaphong/Andrew) Jakrajutatip, greeted the audience during the 2022 Miss Universe pageant (held in January 2023 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana) with those now-famous words, "Hellooooo, Universe!" Well, in the same manner that Alma Cooper recently did not give a farewell message at the end of her reign as Miss USA 2024 during the 2025 Miss USA pageant, Khun Anne also will not be saying "Goodbyeeeee, Universe!" as the owner of JKN Global and co-owner of the Miss Universe Organization (alongside Mexican businessman, Raul Rocha Cantu's company, Legacy Holding who purchased a significant share from Anne in 2024) has been replaced by Mario Bucaro, who previously served as the Vice President of International Relations for the Miss Universe Organization. Mario was also Guatemala’s ambassador to Mexico from March 2020 to February 2022 and is said to be a close friend of Raul Rocha Cantu. Mario Bucaro replaced Anne Jakrajutatip due to a need for reorganization within the company as a result of JKN having to file for bankruptcy. I guess pageantry is not the cash cow we thought it was... and where's that Miss Universe beverage that you when drink it, you turn into Miss Universe??? It was November 8, 2023 when JKN Global Group officially filed for bankruptcy in Thailand following JKN's acquisition of the Miss Universe Organization in 2022 from IMG Endeavor which took over from Trump/NBC in 2015. JKN filed for bankruptcy due being unable to pay approximately $12 million U.S. (443 million Thai baht) in bonds. It was actually back in June 2025 that Anne relinquished her position as Chief Executive Officer of JKN after allegedly report false numbers on the company's earnings report. However, the Miss Universe Organization is still partially owned by JKN Global Group with 58.19% of the shares, but Khun Anne is not on the board anymore so it looks like Mario Bucaro was appointed CEO with Raul Rocha Cantu's blessing. In the meantime, the creditors of JKN Global Group have voted to appoint Grant Thornton which is a global financial and auditing firm to plan JKN’s court-supervised rehabilitation so both Anne Jakrajutatip and Raul Rocha appear to have lost direct control of operations giving Grant Thornton and the creditors now overseeing all management and financial decisions and this is only part of the current mess the Miss Universe Organization is currenly in. Fasten your seatbelts!
As mentioned earlier, on staff is Nawat Itsaragrasil who is the wealthy Thai owner of the Miss Grand International pageant and he is on staff with the Miss Universe Organization as an executive director and is also the franchise holder for Miss Universe Thailand which is the pageant that selects Thailand's representative for Miss Universe and he signed a deal to hold this franchise for the next five years. Nawat's Miss Grand International team has been assigned responsibility for hosting the Miss Universe delegates in Thailand and now that the delegates have arrived in Thailand, things have now taken a turn for the worst. On November 4th, the delegates were in a meeting room for an orientation meeting/sashing ceremony and Nawat asking a staff member if he can remember the country delegate that refused to participate in a video shoot promoting Thailand for the upcoming show and spoke to the delegates seated in the room saying "When he asks you to promote video clip this morning but you say 'no,' show up your hand please. I have your list. Show up your hand. What country name?" Nawat then calls out, "Mexico, where are you?" Mexico's delegate, Fatima Bosch stands and Nawat tells her in front of the other delegates, "I heard you’re not going to support everything about Thailand, is that true?" he asked, before accusing her of listening to the Miss Mexico directors instead of the Miss Universe team in Thailand when asked to take part in a photo shoot. Nawat and Fatima debated for approximately four minutes and he said, "If you follow your national director's orders, you're a dumb head. I still keep talking to everybody. Why stand up to talk to me?" Nawat also didn't like that Fatima was speaking over Fatima shot back and said, "Because I have a voice. You are not respecting me as a woman." At that point, Nawat dared to call for security to remove Fatima from the room prompting a very negative response and gasps of horror from many of the other delegates. Fatima then said to Nawat, "We respect you, just as you should respect us. I'm here representing my country, and it’s not my fault you have problems with my organization." Nawat said, "No, you must listen to me first, then argue with me." After continuing this debate, Fatima stood up and left the room and other contestants starting standing up to join her while Nawat tried to order other contestants who were leaving the room to sit down. Nawat said, "Sit down. If anyone wants to continue the contest, sit down." Bonaire's representative, Nicole Peiliker-Visser then said, "We can fix it. We can bring her back. We're having such a great time in Thailand. This is such a great place. Let’s get her to come back." Nawat then said about Fatima, "You see, the one girl, she’s a problem." Nicole replied, "They’re our sisters. We can start over. This is a misunderstanding. I think the language barrier. We can do this again. Let’s start over." prompting Nawat to invite the women who left back "except Mexico" saying that she's talking too much and he dared to challenge her for standing up and speaking instead of just raising her hand. Nawat then follows with, "But let her come back if she wants." Fatima defended herself to Thai press reporters while standing alongside Iraq's delegate saying, "I truly love Thailand. I respect all of you. I think you are amazing people but what just your director did is not respectful. He called me dumb because we have problems with the organization and I think that's not fair because I'm here and I do everything okay. I don't mess with anyone. I just try to be kind. I'm trying to give my best and he just shout (shouted at) me. He just said to me and 'Shut up' and a lot of different things and I think the world needs to see this because we are empowered women and this is a platform for our voice and no one can shut our voice and no one will do that to me...The way that he treats me without any reason just because he has problems, that is not okay and I hope that everyone at home, every woman, doesn't matter if you have a big dream, if you have a crown, if that takes away your dignity, you need to go. Thank you."
This news has been making headlines worldwide and that Mexico's delegate was the one targeted here may cause some internal issues since co-owner of the Miss Universe Organization, Raul Rocha Cantu is Mexican. Part of me wonders if this could be a publicity stunt similar to many of the others during the Trump era generated to cause media attention for the pageant but obviously, none of us knows what truly goes on behind the scenes. The Miss Universe delegates are being used to promote Miss Universe branded products like the skincare line and handbags/purses, beverages, etc. initiated during Khun Anne's ownership but the delegates are doing it and having their image used without being paid separately as it is part of the contract they signed as a titleholder and some debate if someone's likeness can be used in this manner without proper compensation.
Apparently, the new CEO Mario Bucaro and co-owner, Raul Rocha Cantu were not in Thailand at the time and have been trusting Nawat and his Miss Grand International team to conduct events but even prior to this confrontational incident between Nawat and Mexico's representative, Fatima Bosch, there was an incident on November 3 where the Miss Universe Organization issued a press release stating that there was a special dinner and talk show event organized by Nawat and his team but it was not officially authorized and therefore infringed on the Miss Universe Organization's intellectual property rights but they fired back stating the event and its associated online voting were part of Thailand's official marketing package as the host country and that is conducted transparently under their authorized rights. They even say they had consulted legal advisors to assess potential impacts and prepare for possible legal action if necessary. On that same day of November 3, the Metropolitan Police Bureau in Bangkok launched an investigation after Nawat filed a complaint stating that the Miss Universe Organization assigned some of the contestants to film promotional material for an online gambling website at their hotel which is possibly not permitted in Thailand. Nawat's team denied any involvement and stated that the promotion was initiated by the Miss Universe Organization. Nawat even appeared before police to provide testimony and formally denied doing anything wrong. Mario Bucaro is on his way to Thailand with his team to try and smooth things over and calm the contestants down and resolve this situation. To add to all this drama, the reigning Miss Universe herself, Victoria Kjaer Theilvig of Denmark did not appear with Nawat at a special dinner for one of this year's Thai sponsors which upset and angered them. Victoria also walked out of the orientation meeting/sashing ceremony in which Nawat berated Mexico's delegate, Fatima Bosch for speaking out against his degrading manner of speech. Nawat has since posted an apology on social media but with these internal problems, it looks like this individual's days with the Miss Universe Organization may be numbered. Nawat addressed the situation and did apologize during the end of the opening ceremony saying he is human and asked if everyone was happy... Some delegates were not present at this opening ceremony introducing the delegates on stage but many people can't deny that the man is able to produce a great show so it's just one of this conflicting situations.
"No graduation day for you." We're going to take a moment to discuss some of this year's dropouts. Maybe I should have titled this article, "Beauty Pageant Dropout" but I wanted to match the song from "Grease" so maybe "Beauty Padge Dropout?" with 'padge' being short for 'pageant?' Nah! We'll stick with "Beauty School Dropout" because pageants are like an educational institution after all as competing in a pageant is very much a learning experience, no? And this year's delegates are learning quite a bit for sure... 
Persia (otherwise known as Iran) was supposed to be represented by 41-year-old Sahar Biniaz and if that name sounds familiar, it should as Sahar has been competing in pageants going back to 2002. During that year, then new director of Miss Universe Canada, Denis Davila (who currently works for the Miss Universe Organization and has been replaced by Sonny Borrelli as director of Miss Universe Canada and Sonny hosted last year's preliminary competition for Miss Universe and he has also hosted the Miss Universe Canada pageant for many years) decided to host a regional pageant to select delegates to compete for the Miss Universe Canada competition. I was there in 2002 covering the British Columbia regional pageant in which six delegates were selected along with spokesperson, Mika Whitworth to compete for the 2003 Miss Universe Canada title and Sahar Biniaz was one of the selected six candidates along with: Isobel Agar, Brenda Lindstrom, Brandi Alexander, Claire Robinson and Nazanin Afshin-Jam who would later go on to win Miss World Canada 2003 and place as 1st runner up at Miss World 2003 which is Canada's highest placement at the Miss World pageant to date. Sahar would go unplaced that year at the 2003 Miss Universe Canada pageant which was won by Leanne Cecile who placed among the top 10 at Miss Universe 2003 and Sonny Borrelli told me that he used to date Leanne Cecile. Sahar would compete in various other Canadian pageants as well and represent Canada abroad and she would try again to win Miss Universe Canada in 2008 finishing as 1st runner up this time to Samantha Tajik who is also of Persian descent. Sahar would triumph though when she competed in the highly publicized 2012 Miss Universe Canada pageant due to the participation of the first openly transgendered delegate, Jenna Talackova who placed among the top 12 of the Canadian pageant won by Sahar. Donald Trump who owned the pageant at the time even tweeted his support for Sahar as a favorite for Miss Universe but Sahar would end up withdrawing as the Canadian delegate for Miss Universe 2012 claiming a sprained calcaneus (heel bone). Sahar was also 27 years of age at the time and the age limit at that time was 26 but there was no discussion regarding that and Sahar's runner-up, Adwoa Yamoah would represent Canada at Miss Universe 2012 going unplaced and Adwoa also returned to the 2013 Miss Universe Canada pageant to crown her successor and that pageant mistakenly crowned Denise Garrido who has also held many pageant titles including Miss World Canada 2010 and Miss Earth Canada 2008 only to discover that Denise was actually found to be the 3rd runner up after the results were retabulated resulting in Riza Santos being declared the winner of the 2013 Miss Universe Canada pageant and Riza also held many Canadian titles including Miss Earth Canada 2006 and Miss World Canada 2011. 
Fast-forward to 2025, 13 years later and with the age-limit newly removed in 2023, Sahar used her Persian heritage on her father's side to compete for the 2025 Miss Universe Persia title and she won! Sahar was about to finally compete for Miss Universe after so many years but then she withdrew again on October 10 just a month before the 2025 Miss Universe pageant citing the reason that the national director of Miss Universe Persia, Golshan Bakhtiary who lives in Italy was detained while visiting her birth country of Iran but she is known as a social activist and we know that women's rights are limited in that part of the world so this is a very unfortunate situation so Sahar posted on her social media account that she has decided to once again withdraw from competing at Miss Universe out of respect for Golshan. Some have questioned if perhaps fear of potentially losing publicly is a factor at play here but there has been no update on the situation so this will indeed be the second time that Sahar withdraws from competing at Miss Universe and there is no word on whether a return will occur or not. But Canada's representative for 2025, Jaime Vandenberg will actually not be the only Canadian competing despite Sahar's absence as Rwanda's delegate, Solange Tuyishime Keita has also competed for the 2025 Miss Universe Canada title and is a mother of four children but Solange used her Rwandan heritage to represent her country of birth so we shall see how each Canadian fares.
She's in my eye and you'll know why... Praveenar (Veena) Singh is this year's host delegate representing the golden kingdom of Thailand and it has been a long time coming for Veena. Veena competed four times to represent Thailand at Miss Universe before winning the crown in 2025. Her previous placements were 2nd runner-up in 2018, 1st runner-up in 2020, and 2nd runner-up in 2023. Her journey is notable for her persistence, and she made history in 2023 as the first married contestant and in 2025 as the first married and divorced contestant to win Miss Universe Thailand and she has been described as a modern beauty queen breaking barriers and inspiring others to pursue their dreams fearlessly.
Gorgeous Veena is of Indian descent but was born on April 16, 1996 in Chiang Mai, Thailand to a Punjabi father and Indian mother who are among the minority Indians living in Thailand but brilliant Veena is fluent in English, Thai, and Russian, having studied Russian at Thammasat University. Veena has long been a favorite amongst pageant fans including myself so we are so happy to see Veena finally get her deserved spotlight on the Miss Universe stage but Veena is no stranger to the spotlight as she has even been seen walking the red carpet at the Cannes Film Festival alongside some of the world's most famous entertainers and models.
Minority delegates usually haven't won Miss Universe with the exception of a few American Miss Universes like Chelsi Smith in 1995, Brook Lee in 1997 and R'Bonney Gabriel in 2022 and many of my predictions to win in the past have been minority delegates like Italy's Denny Mendez in 1997 who faced controversy for being the first black Miss Italy and was asked about it during the pageant and I also predicted Belgium's Kedist Deltour in 2021, Canada's Nova Stevens in 2020 and Ireland's Fig O'Reilly in 2019 so as you can tell, I have a penchant for the minority queen and Veena is the latest to add to my list as she has been my winner from the moment she was crowned Miss Universe Thailand. Another factor than can work for or against a delegate is being the host delegate which Veena is this year but host delegates have won before including 7 of the 9 American Miss Universes (Miriam Stevenson in 1954, Carol Morris in 1956, Linda Bement in 1960, Sylvia Hitchcock in 1967, Brook Lee in 1997, Olivia Culpo in 2012 and R'Bonney Gabriel in 2022 whereas Shawn Weatherly won in 1980 in Seoul, Korea and Chelsi Smith won in 1995 in Windhoek, Namibia.) The only Miss Universe to win as the host delegate was Puerto Rico's Denise Quinones August who won her Miss Universe crown on home soil in 2001 so is it time again for the host country to take the Miss Universe crown and a minority delegate at that? I think so!
We have a very unusual scenario this year as two of this year's contestants for Miss Universe 2025 have both previously placed as a runner up at the Miss World pageant but in different years. First, we have Ophely Mezino of Guadeloupe which is a French territory located in the eastern Caribbean Sea, where the Caribbean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean. Ophely has quite the storied pageant history as she originally represented Guadeloupe in the Miss France 2018 pageant finishing as 1st runner up to Vaimalama Chaves but Ophely was sent to represent France at the 2019 Miss World pageant where she finished as 1st runner up to Jamaica's Toni-Ann Singh! We all remember that Miss Universe 2020, Mexico's Andrea Meza was 1st runner up at Miss World 2017 before going on to win the Miss Universe crown for 2020 so will Ophely pull a repeat and not only be Guadeloupe's first semifinalist ever but take her country's very first Miss Universe crown??? Ophely is 5'8" tall and she is fluent in French, English and in French Sign Language. Her father is from Guadeloupe and her mother is from Reunion. Ophely is quite accomplished as she holds a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering and is actively working as a model and actres so we shall see if Ophely is able to charm the judges enough to go far in the competition. Many have taken noticed of her 70s diva hairstyles and it may just help her stand out in the best way!
She also serves as a UNICEF Canada Ambassador, advocating for the rights of women and children worldwides commitment to social issues stems from her own experience giving her quite the story to tell. Solange was born in East Africa and she survived civil war and genocide, moving through Rwanda, Uganda, Congo and Kenya, living in refugee camps before immigrating to Canada at age 13. Described by friends as a force for change, Solange has accomplished the impossible and she boldly states that she walks this path for the 130 million girls who are still dreaming of access to education, for every woman rewriting her story and breaking barriers and for all of us who dare to dream with open hearts and unstoppable faith. In Canada, Solange pursued degrees in journalism and public administration. She also loves to bake. She was inducted into the Order of Ottawa, where Mayor Mark Sutcliffe praised her ability to find positives and hope in some of the most difficult times. Rwanda is making its debut with Solange so could she do what was done by Finland's Armi Kuusela in 1952, Colombia's Luz Marina Zuluaga in 1958 and Botswana's Mpule Kwelagobe in 1999 and win Miss Universe with a debuting delegate??? We'll just have to wait and see!
The world's finest coffee land sends us Vanessa Pulgarin this year who is yet another heavy favorite for this year's Miss Universe crown. This 34-year-old who hails from Medellin, Antioquia first competed for the original Miss Colombia pageant in 2017 won by Laura Gonzalez who went on to become 1st runner up at Miss Universe 2017 but as runner-up, Vanessa was sent to compete at Miss International 2017 where she mysteriously went unplaced but don't let that fool you as this lady came back strong and fully prepared winning her national title and is a serious contender for the 2025 Miss Universe title. Colombia has claimed the crown twice (1958 and 2014 thanks to Luz Marina Zuluaga and Paulina Vega) and has been 1st runner up a whopping six times (1992, 1993, 1994, 2008, 2015 and 2017). Will Vanessa surpass or match the feat of Laura Gonzalez who defeated her for the Colombian title in 2017 and went on to become 1st runner up at Miss Universe 2017?? The land of passions and emeralds and victoric orchids hopes to see Vanessa claim another Miss Universe crown for their country. Vanessa was born in the city of Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia on September 13, 1991 as the daughter of Carlos Pulgarín and Dalila Monsalve Jiménez. She is a student of Social Communication and Journalism at the Pontifical Bolivarian University in her hometown of Medellin. Vanessa lived for several years in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, where she participated in several catwalks and photoshoots. Will polished and experienced Vanessa get that crown for Colombia?
media that she suffers from an incurable autoimmune disease called psoriasis which is a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches, often appearing on the knees, elbows, trunk, and scalp but she treated it naturally and holistically as she eliminated inflammatory foods like gluten, dairy, sugar and alcohol and the symptoms disappeared. With these connections, does Lina's win reek of nepotism? We shall see if Cuba can get their first Miss Universe crown this year after placing in the top 30 last year thanks to Marianela Ancheta who was Cuba's first Miss Universe representative after not competing since 1967. Cuba's best placement was as 3rd runner up thanks to Maria Rosa Gamio Fernandez in 1957.
Unfortunately, nobody seems to have a complete copy of the 1962 Miss Universe pageant but there is news footage online. There was a rumor that there was a flood in the CBS archives that damaged much film from the 1960s which is why there seems to also not be a complete version of Miss Universe 1965 and 1967 as well as Miss USA 1966 and 1967 so it's sad that some of these classic television events or if someone has them, they may have chosen not to release them or have long passed away and the current generation doesn't know they exist. Norma's death succeeds those of 7 other Miss Universes: Sweden's Hillevi Rombin Schine-Miss Universe 1955 (passed in 1996), Spain's Amparo Munoz Quesada-Miss Universe 1974 (passed in 2011), USA's Sylvia Hitchcock Carson-Miss Universe 1967 (passed in 2015), Colombia's Luz Marina Zuluaga-Miss Universe 1958 (passed in 2015), USA's Linda Bement-Miss Universe 1960 (passed in 2018), USA's Chelsi Smith-Miss Universe 1995 (passed in 2018) and Puerto Rico's Marisol Malaret Contreras-Miss Universe 1970 (passed in 2023). Rest in peace, Norma Nolan (22 April 1938 - 20 August 2025).